03249nas a2200313   4500008004100000022001400041245005300055210005200108260000900160300001100169490000600180520245900186653001202645653002202657653001702679653001002696653001902706653003802725653001602763653001402779653002002793653001402813653001302827653001102840653001002851653001302861100001402874856004702888       2013                        eng d  a1932-620300aStatus of marine biodiversity of the China seas.0 aStatus of marine biodiversity of the China seas  c2013  ae507190 v83 a<p>China's seas cover nearly 5 million square kilometers extending from the tropical to the temperate climate zones and bordering on 32,000 km of coastline, including islands. Comprehensive systematic study of the marine biodiversity within this region began in the early 1950s with the establishment of the Qingdao Marine Biological Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Since that time scientists have carried out intensive multidisciplinary research on marine life in the China seas and have recorded 22,629 species belonging to 46 phyla. The marine flora and fauna of the China seas are characterized by high biodiversity, including tropical and subtropical elements of the Indo-West Pacific warm-water fauna in the South and East China seas, and temperate elements of North Pacific temperate fauna mainly in the Yellow Sea. The southern South China Sea fauna is characterized by typical tropical elements paralleled with the Philippine-New Guinea-Indonesia Coral triangle typical tropical faunal center. This paper summarizes advances in studies of marine biodiversity in China's seas and discusses current research mainly on characteristics and changes in marine biodiversity, including the monitoring, assessment, and conservation of endangered species and particularly the strengthening of effective management. Studies of (1) a tidal flat in a semi-enclosed embayment, (2) the impact of global climate change on a cold-water ecosystem, (3) coral reefs of Hainan Island and Xisha-Nansha atolls, (4) mangrove forests of the South China Sea, (5) a threatened seagrass field, and (6) an example of stock enhancement practices of the Chinese shrimp fishery are briefly introduced. Besides the overexploitation of living resources (more than 12.4 million tons yielded in 2007), the major threat to the biodiversity of the China seas is environmental deterioration (pollution, coastal construction), particularly in the brackish waters of estuarine environments, which are characterized by high productivity and represent spawning and nursery areas for several economically important species. In the long term, climate change is also a major threat. Finally, challenges in marine biodiversity studies are briefly discussed along with suggestions to strengthen the field. Since 2004, China has participated in the Census of Marine Life, through which advances in the study of zooplankton and zoobenthos biodiversity were finally summarized.</p>10aAnimals10aAquatic Organisms10aBiodiversity10aChina10aClimate Change10aConservation of Natural Resources10aCoral Reefs10aEcosystem10aOceans and Seas10aPenaeidae10aPlankton10aPlants10aTrees10aWetlands1 aLiu, J, Y  uhttps://seamphipods.myspecies.info/node/1601556nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260000900215300000900224490000900233520090600242653001401148653001201162653001501174653002001189653001401209653002401223100001601247700001601263856004701279       2013                        eng d  a1175-532600aA phylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. Crustacea: Amphipoda).0 aphylogeny and classification of the Senticaudata subord nov Crus  c2013  a1-800 v36103 a<p>The Amphipoda includes a large clade defined by the presence of a previously unrecognised synapomorphy, apical robust setae on the rami of uropods 1-2. We term this clade the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Latin: sentis = thorn). It includes almost all freshwater species as well as a number of marine benthic taxa, formerly part of the 'Gammaridea'. The phylog-eny of the senticaudates was determined by cladistic analysis of morphological characters and character states. Within the suborder Senticaudata there are six infraorders: Carangoliopsida, Talitrida, Hadziida, Corophiida, Bogidiellida and Gam-marida. A classification is provided and all the senticaudate families are diagnosed. We introduce for the first time in am-phipod classification, the level parvorder between infraorder and superfamily. Four new families are described: Kairosidae; Eriopisidae; Nuuanuidae and Kergueleniolidae.</p>10aAmphipoda10aAnimals10aDemography10aOceans and Seas10aPhylogeny10aSpecies Specificity1 aLowry, J, K1 aMyers, A, A  uhttps://seamphipods.myspecies.info/node/13